APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION
Romano Pontifici eligendo
of Pope Paul VI
ABOUT THE VACANCY OF THE APOSTOLIC
AND elect the Roman Pontiff
Romano Pontifici eligendo
of Pope Paul VI
ABOUT THE VACANCY OF THE APOSTOLIC
AND elect the Roman Pontiff
PART ONE
APOSTOLIC PERIOD VACANT
CHAPTER I
POWERS OF THE SACRED COLLEGE OF CARDINALS
1. During
the vacancy of the Apostolic See, the government of the Church is entrusted to
the Sacred College of Cardinals only for the regular dispatch of business and
can not be postponed, and to prepare everything for the election of the new
Pope, noting the terms and limits of this Constitution of ours.
2. Therefore,
the Sacred College, during that period, has no authority or jurisdiction over
matters that relate to the Pontiff in life, all this must be reserved
exclusively to the future Pontiff. Therefore we declare null and void any
act of power or jurisdiction, for the Roman Pontiff while in life, which the
College of Cardinals believed to practice, if not to the extent expressly
permitted in this Constitution.
3. Also
establish that the Sacred College of Cardinals can not have anything on the
rights of the Apostolic and Roman Church, much less allow to lapse directly or
indirectly, even to solve disputes or to prosecute actions perpetrated against
the same rights after the death of the Pontiff. All carefully have to
defend these rights.
4. Also
during the Vacant in any way can not be corrected or amended laws issued by the
Roman Pontiffs nor can you add anything or waive some of them, especially in
regard to the ordering of the election of the Supreme Pontiff. If
something was done or attempted against this provision only, we declare it null
and void with our Supreme Authority.
5. In
the event that questions arise about the meaning of the provisions contained in
this Constitution or on our way to act them, and have determined that all power
to pass judgment thereon corresponds to the Sacred College of Cardinals, which
we therefore the power to interpret doubtful or controverted points, stating
that if necessary to discuss these or similar issues, except the act of
choosing the Pope, is sufficient for the majority of the cardinals present
concur.
6. Similarly,
when presented with a problem that, in the opinion of most of the cardinals
assembled, cannot be deferred later, the Sacred College of Cardinals must have
in the opinion of the majority.
CHAPTER
II
THE CARDINALS CONGREGATIONS
THE CARDINALS CONGREGATIONS
7. During
the Vacant, until arrival at the Conclave, there are two kinds of congregations
of cardinals, and of these only: a general, ie around the Sacred College, and
other particular. In general congregations should involve all cardinals
legitimately unhindered, are hardly aware of the vacancy of the Apostolic See. However,
the cardinals who have reached the age of eighty are granted the right to take
part or not.
The
Particular Congregation is made by Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
and by three cardinals, one in Order, drawn by lot from among all who are
entitled to elect the Pope as the standard no. 33 of this Constitution. The
function of these three cardinals, called assistants, ceases completely after
three days of admission to the Conclave, and instead be appointed, provided by
lot every three days three.
During
the Conclave most important issues will be addressed, if necessary, by a
meeting of the cardinal electors, the ordinary business continue to be treated
by the Particular Congregation of Cardinals. In general congregations and
individuals, for the Vacant, cardinals wear the cassock regular black with red
lace and buttons, and also red sash.
8. In
particular congregations should be only minor issues as they arise each day or
each time. If there are more important issues that deserve further
examination, must be submitted to the General Congregation. Besides, all
that has been decided, resolved or denied in a particular congregation, can not
be revoked, altered or granted by another, but the right to do this belongs
only to the General Congregation and by majority vote.
9. The
General Congregations of the cardinals will take place in the Vatican Apostolic
Palace or, if circumstances require, at a more appropriate, according to the
same cardinals. These Congregations the Dean of the Sacred College or, in
his absence, the deputy dean. Should one or both should not enter the
Conclave for having turned 80, will chair the meeting of the cardinal electors
who will eventually develop based on no. 7, the oldest cardinal in the
order of precedence usual.
10. The
vote in the Congregations of the cardinals, when it comes to matters of greater
importance, should not be given in words but in secret.
11. The
General Congregations Caucus prior to admission, and therefore are called
"preparatory", should be held daily from the day appointed by the
Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and the three cardinals first of each
Order, including days when they celebrate the funeral of the late Pontiff.This
should be done to make it possible to hear the Cardinal Camerlengo of the
Sacred College and apparently communications make him necessary or expedient,
and also to allow the Cardinals in particular express their views on the
problems that arise, ask for explanations about things Dubious and make
proposals.
12. In
the first general congregations will read the first part of this Constitution,
ie "vacant Apostolic Period", which finished, all the cardinals
present shall be sworn to observe the provisions contained therein and secrecy
. This oath should be done also by those cardinals who, having arrived
late, later involved in these congregations, will be read by Cardinal Dean in
the presence of othercardinals as the following formula:
We cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, bishops, priests and
deacons, promise, commit and swear, every single, accurate and faithfully
observe all the norms contained in the Apostolic Constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo of
Pope Paul VI and scrupulously maintain secrecy about everything that will be
discussed or decided at the Congregations of Cardinals, both before and during
the conclave, and also about anything that somehow has a connection with the
election of the Roman Pontiff.
Then
each of the cardinals say And I, N. Cardinal N., promise, pledge
and swear me. And laying his hands on the Gospels added: So
help me God and these Holy Gospels which I touch with my hand.
13. In
one of the Congregations immediately following, the Cardinals must, in
accordance with the agenda set, making decisions on the most urgent for the
start of the conclave. That is:
a) Set
the date, time and manner in which the body of the deceased Pontiff will be
transferred to the Vatican Basilica to be exposed to the veneration of the
faithful;
b) as
necessary to arrange the funeral of the late Pontiff, to be held for nine
consecutive days, and fix also the day that will start;
c) appoint
two committees, both composed by three cardinals, the first designating who
will enter the conclave to address the various services and who will be the
primary caregiver; deliberate carefully if necessary to admit some conclavist ,
under no. 45 of this Constitution, and carefully informed about the
qualities of all of them. The second committee will be responsible for the
preparation and the close of the Conclave, as well as preparing the rooms;
d) take
and pass the spending budget of the Conclave;
e) read,
if any, the documents left by the deceased Pontiff to the Sacred College of
Cardinals;
f) ensure
that wastes are the fisherman's ring and lead seal, which are sent to the
Apostolic Letters concerning;
g) distribute
drawing rooms Caucus voters, unless the failing health of a voter advise
proceed differently;
h) set the
day and time of admission Conclave.
CHAPTER
III
A FEW TIMES DURING THE VACANT
A FEW TIMES DURING THE VACANT
14. According
to the mind of the Apostolic Constitution Universae Ecclesiae Regimini, all
the cardinals in charge of the departments of the Roman Curia, and the cardinal
of State, cease the exercise of their duties to the Pope's death, except the
Camerlengo of the Holy Church Romana, the Major Penitentiary and the Vicar
General for the Diocese of Rome, which continue to exert their regular duties,
subjecting the Sacred College of Cardinals which should be referred to the
Supreme Pontiff (cf. Proemium and no. 2. para. 5 AAS 59,
1967, p. 889 and 891).
15. In
case of death of the Pope or before the election of the successor are vacant
charges Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church or Major Penitentiary, the Sacred
College shall, as soon as possible, providing you choose the cardinal or the
cardinals who will occupy office until the election of the Pope. In each
of the cases cited the election is held by secret ballot of all the cardinals
present, using cards that will be distributed and collected by those in charge
of ceremonies and finally opened by these same in presence of the Camerlengo
and the three Cardinal assistants, if it comes to choosing the Major
Penitentiary, or the above three cardinals and the Secretary of the Sacred
College, whether to choose the Camerlengo. Be elected, enjoying ipso
facto of all respective schools, which received the highest number of
votes. In case of equality of votes, shall be appointed who belongs to the
highest order and, within the same Order, who is older in terms of membership
in the Sacred College. Until the election of the Camerlengo, its functions
are exercised by the Dean of the Sacred College, which can take decisions
without delay as circumstances dictate.
16. If,
however, during the Vacant dies the Vicar General for the Diocese of Rome, the
Vicegerent in office have all the powers, authority and power, which competed
at the same Vicar for the exercise of his office and the Pontiff himself
temporarily Vicegerent generally granted on the occasion of the opening of the
Vicariate, until you have named the new Vicar. If missing or is also
prevented the Vicegerent, shall work the first auxiliary bishop for
appointment.
17. It
is for the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, during the Vacant See, care for
and manage the assets and temporal rights of the Holy See with the help of the
three Cardinal Assistants, after the vote, expressed once for less important
issues, and each time to the most serious, the Sacred College. Therefore,
only the Prefect of the Papal Household has given the news of the death of the
Pope, the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church must officially ascertain the
Pope's death, in presence of the Papal Master of Ceremonies of the prelates
clerics the Reverend Apostolic Chamber and the Secretary-Chancellor of the
same, which will extend the official death certificate, must also seal the
private apartment of the same Pontiff; communicate his death the Cardinal
Vicar, who give the news to the people of Rome with a special notice, take
possession of the Apostolic Palace and, personally or through his delegate of
the Lateran palaces and Castelgandolfo, exercising his custody and
administration, establish, hearing the views of the heads of the three
cardinals Orders everything concerning the burial of the Pope, unless he, when
alive, had not indicated a willingness to respect, care for, on behalf and with
the consent of the Sacred College, all that circumstances suggest for the
defense of rights of the Apostolic See and the proper administration of the
same.
18. Cardinal
Major Penitentiary and his officers during the Vacant, can do everything that
has been established by our predecessor Pius XI in the Apostolic Constitution Quae
divinitus , of March 25, 1935 (see no. 12, AAS 27,
1935 , p. 112 et seq.).
19. However,
the Dean of the Sacred College, has just been informed by the Prefect of the
Papal Household of the Pope's death, the news will all cardinals, summoning
them to the Congregation of the Sacred College, and to all those entitled to
enter the conclave, in time. Similarly, the death of the Pontiff
communicated to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See and the supreme
commanders of the respective nations.
20. As
stated in the Apostolic Constitution Universae Ecclesiae Regimini ,
during the vacancy of the Apostolic See, the Substitute of the Secretariat of
State or Papal remains in the direction of the office and its management
responds to the Sacred College of Cardinals (see no. 19, para. 2; AAS59,
1967, p. 895).
21. Similarly,
during the Vacant retain the position and the relative power of Papal
Representatives.
22. The
Almoner of His Holiness the charities continue with the same criteria used when
the pope lived, and will be subordinated to the Sacred College of Cardinals to
elect a new Pope, the Cardinal Camerlengo must extend the corresponding
command.
23. During
the Vacant, all civil power of the Pope concerning the government of Vatican
City, corresponds to the Sacred College of Cardinals, which however cannot
issue decrees except in case of urgent need and only time the vacancy of the
Holy See. Such decrees are valid for the future only if the new Pontiff
confirmed.
Chapter
IV
OF THE SACRED CONGREGATIONS POWERS AND THE COURTS OF THE ROMAN CURIA
OF THE SACRED CONGREGATIONS POWERS AND THE COURTS OF THE ROMAN CURIA
24. During
the Vacant See, the Holy Roman Congregations have no authority in matters
which, HQ full , they cannot try and make if not cum
SS.mo facto verb, or Ex Audientia SS.mi, or vigore
specialium et extraordinariarum facultatum , that the Roman Pontiff
usually grant their Prefects and Registrars.
25. Not
cease, however, with the Pope's death, the ordinary powers of each Sacred
Congregation; establish, however, that the Sacred Congregations using them to
grant favors only minor, while the most serious issues or discussed must be
reserved exclusively to the future Pope, if they can be deferred, if you would
admit no delay, the Sacred College of Cardinals may entrust the Cardinal who
was Prefect to the death of Pope (cf. Paul VI, Const. Apost. Regimini
Universae Ecclesiae, 1 . c., p. 889), and the other Cardinals same
congregation, examination of which would probably have entrusted the Pontiff. In
such circumstances, they may decide per modum provisionis, until
the election of the Pope, all you create more suitable and appropriate for the
preservation and defense of the rights and church traditions.
26. The
Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and the Tribunal of the Sacred
Roman Rota, during the vacancy of the Holy See will continue to seek after
their own affairs laws that apply to them, however observing the requirements
of the Code of Canon Law, in cann. 244, par.1, y1603, par. 2.
CHAPTER
V
THE FUNERALS ROMAN PONTIFF
THE FUNERALS ROMAN PONTIFF
27. After
the death of the Roman Pontiff, the Cardinals held the funeral for nine
consecutive days according to the Ordo exequiarum Summi Pontificis
functi vita, which, like the Ordo sacrorum rituum Conclavis, integrate
part of this Constitution.
28. If
the burial takes place in the Vatican Basilica, the corresponding document is
drawn up by the notary Chapter of the Basilica. Subsequently, a delegate
of the Cardinal Camerlengo and a delegate of the Prefect of the Papal Household
shall separately attest documents have made the grave: the first, in the
presence of the Reverend Apostolic Chamber, the other in the presence of the
Prefect of the House Pontifical.
29. If
the Roman Pontiff died outside Rome, the Sacred College of Cardinals will have
everything you need for a decent and dignified transfer of the body to the
Vatican Basilica.
30. No
one is allowed to take photographs of the Pope ill in bed or already dead, in
their rooms, or tape recorder to record with the words, and then play them
back. If someone after the death of the Pope wants to take pictures as
documentation, you must ask the Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church,
which, however, will not allow photographs to be taken to the Supreme Pontiff
if not coated with pontifical robes.
31. Before
and during the conclave not be inhabited any part of the Pope's private
apartment.
32. If
the deceased pope has made a will of their stuff, letters and personal
documents and has appointed an executor himself, and set it up to run,
according to the mandate given by the testator, all matters relating to private
property and the writings of deceased Pope. The executor will notice your
work only to the new Supreme Pontiff.
PART TWO
Election of the Roman Pontiff
CHAPTER
I
THE VOTERS ROMAN PONTIFF
THE VOTERS ROMAN PONTIFF
33. The
right to elect the Roman Pontiff is solely for the cardinals of the Holy Roman
Church, except those who, according to previously enacted statute (cf. Paul VI
"Motu proprio"Ingravescentem ætatem, II, 2, AAS 62,
1970, p. 811), at the time of entering the Conclave has previously served
eighty. The maximum number of cardinal electors must not exceed 120. It
is thus absolutely exclude any kind of intervention by any ecclesiastical
dignity or civil power of the degree or order it.
34. In
case the Roman Pontiff died during the celebration of a General Council or of a
Synod of Bishops, which will take place either in Rome or any other city in the
world, the election of the new Pope should be made exclusively by the cardinal electors listed above and not by
the Council or the Synod of Bishops. We therefore declare null and void
the acts the way it is, tend to modify the system rashly or the electorate. Moreover,
the Council or the Synod of Bishops, whatever the state in which they are to be
considered immediately suspended ipso jure, barely have
certain news of the Pope's death. Therefore, they should stop, without
delay, all kinds of assembly, congregation or meeting, and stop writing or
preparing any decree or canon, on pain of nullity can not continue the Council
or Synod for any reason, although is serious and worthy of special
consideration, until the new pontiff canonically elected has failed to
establish the re-start or continue.
35. No
cardinal elector may be excluded from the election, actively or passively, the
Supreme Pontiff, to cause or pretext of excommunication, suspension, interdict
or other impediment ecclesiastical censures these should be considered in
abeyance only by respect for that choice .
36. A
Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, created or published in Consistory, and for
this very reason has the right to elect the pontiff but he has not yet imposed
the biretta, or given the ring of the Cardinals own or have borrowed the usual
oath loyalty. They have this right instead Cardinals canonically deposed
or have resigned, with the consent of the Pope, to the dignity of
Cardinal.Moreover, during the Vacant See, the Sacred College can not readmit or
rehabilitate them.
37. Establish
further that after the death of the cardinal electors present Pontiff must wait
for fifteen full days absent, leaving the rest to the Sacred College of
Cardinals the power to delay for about a few days in Conclave income. But
twenty days to the fullest, all cardinal electors present shall be required to
enter the Conclave and proceed to the election.
38. But
if a cardinal elector came before the new pastor of the Church has been chosen,
will be admitted to the voting process at the stage where they may be.
39. All
cardinal electors, summoned by the Dean or by another cardinal in his name, for
the election of the new Pontiff, are obliged, in virtue of holy obedience, to
comply with the notice convening and begin a journey as soon as possible to the
place designated for the election, unless they are prevented by illness or
other serious impediment that must be recognized by the Sacred College of
Cardinals.
40. If
this is the case a cardinal who has the right to choose not to enter the
Conclave or, after entering, leaving him without any evident reason of illness,
acknowledged under oath by doctors and confirmed by the majority of voters will
proceed freely to the election, nor admit unexpectedly back to the same choice. If
instead one of the cardinal electors must leave the conclave by improvisa
disease, you can proceed to the ratings even without his vote, but if he wants
to come back into the conclave after his reinstatement or earlier should be
admitted.
Moreover,
if a cardinal elector leaves the Conclave by other grave reason, recognized by
most voters, may return during the event.
CHAPTER
II
THE CAUCUS AND PARTICIPANTS IN THE SAME
THE CAUCUS AND PARTICIPANTS IN THE SAME
41. The
election of the Supreme Pontiff must be in the Conclave-disposed generally in
the Vatican Palace or, for special reasons, in another place, after which the
site has been closed. Disappears but the nullification of the election
provided in this regard by Gregory XV or any other pontifical decree.
42. By
means Conclave indeterminate environment, almost as a matter of sacred retreat
where, after having invoked the Holy Spirit, the cardinal electors elect the
Pope, and where they, along with the officers and assistants, in addition to
any conclavists remain day and night until the election is made, without any
communication with persons or others, in accordance with the following
procedures and standards.
43. In
the conclave, the cardinal electors addition, the Secretary shall enter the
Sacred College, which will make Caucus Secretary, the Vicar General of the
Roman pontiff to the Vatican City, with one or more assistants to service
sacristy at will the Sacred College, the Master of Pontifical Ceremonies makers
with pontifical ceremonies, to develop the functions thereof. In addition,
he is permitted to Cardinal Dean or cardinal who takes his place to bring a
church that serves as a helper.
44. will
also be present some religious priests confess as possible in major languages,
two doctors, one surgeon and one general practitioner, with one or two nurses,
the architect of the Conclave and two technical experts (see nos. 55 and 61),
all of them mostly selected by the Cardinals, on the proposal of Camerlengo and
the three Cardinal Assistants: to these is added a suitable number of persons
to assist in the needs of the Conclave, appointed by the relevant Commission of
Cardinals, the issue in the no. 13 c.
45. The
cardinal electors shall not carry any conclavist or personal server, or
clergyman or layman.This may be granted only in special cases and as an
exception, on serious illness. In that case should make explicit and
reasoned request to Cardinal Camerlengo, who for consideration by the competent
Commission of Cardinals, which shall decide the matter and, if welcomed, with
the utmost care to ensure the qualities of people proposals for such an office.
46. All
other officers and assistants of the Conclave, both ecclesiastical and secular,
and also any conclavists, must under the responsibility of Camerlengo of the
Holy Roman Church oath in Latin or in another language, after they have
understood the scope of such an oath and the meaning of the formula. So a
day or two days before admission Caucus, will take an oath before the Secretary
of the Conclave and the Papal Master of Ceremonies, delegates to this for the
same Camerlengo-to which in turn they have previously borrowed oath [*
] -, using the following formula, duly
translated into various languages:
I
..., NN promise and swear to observe inviolably secret about every one
of the things about the election of the new Pope has been addressed and defined
in the congregations of cardinals and about everything that happens in the
Conclave or in place of the election, that directly or indirectly to
ballots, and about anything else that came anyway known. Not break this
secret in any way, directly or indirectly, or by words or writing, or any other
way.Furthermore promise and swear not to use in any kind of instruments
Conclave transferors or receivers and not use machines not intended, in any
way, to take pictures, and all this under penalty of excommunication latae
sententiae reserved specialissimo way to the Apostolic
if that the above rule is violated. Consciously and scrupulously keep this
secret even after the election of the new Pontiff, unless I be granted by the
Pontiff himself or explicit special faculty of speech.
Similarly promise and swear that never lend help or will
favor any interference, opposition or otherwise any intervention with the
secular forces of order or degree they may be, or any group of people or
individuals, would interfere in the election the Roman Pontiff.
So help me God and these Holy Gospels which I touch with my
hand.
47. Officers
and all other lay helpers who had to leave the conclave only on grounds of
manifest disease and some entity, recognized by doctors under oath, and with
the consent eorum onerata conscientia by Cardinal Camerlengo
and the three Cardinal Assistants may not re-enter for any reason, but if
necessary, to the moment they leave the sick may enter others in their place,
provided they have been lawfully approved and accepted, and have taken oath.
48. In
the event that a cardinal elector, who has been associated with a conclavist,
died in conclave, its conclavist must leave immediately and cannot be assumed
to serve another cardinal elector in the conclave itself.
CHAPTER
III
MEMBERSHIP IN THE CAUCUS
MEMBERSHIP IN THE CAUCUS
49. Once
completed in accordance with the requirements, the funeral of the late Pontiff
and prepared from the Caucus, the cardinal electors will meet the appointed day
in the Basilica of San Pedro or, if it has seen fit, in another place, where
they develop ceremonies established bysacrorum rituum Urdo Conclavis. Immediately
after the celebration of Mass in the morning or if deemed more appropriate in
the afternoon of the same day, will be entering the Conclave.
Once
arrived at the chapel, prayer is recited timely and intimated the Extra
omnes be read the second part of this Constitution, ie "The
election of the Roman Pontiff," and then all the cardinal electors take an
oath according to the following formula , that will be read aloud by the Dean
or by Cardinal first order and old:
Each and every one of us cardinal electors present in the
conclave, promise, commit and swear to observe faithfully and scrupulously the
prescriptions contained in the Apostolic Constitution of the Supreme Pontiff
Paul VI Romano
Pontifici eligendo date issued on October 1, 1975. Similarly, we
promise, we undertake and swear that whichever of us by divine disposition is
elected Roman Pontiff, will not cease to affirm, defend and, if necessary, and
boldly claim full spiritual and temporal rights and freedom of the Holy See. Especially
promise and swear to observe with the greatest fidelity and with all, even with
our eventual conclavists, secrecy about everything that somehow relates to the
election of the Roman Pontiff and what happens in the Conclave or place of the
election, directly or indirectly relating to ballots, not in any way violate
the secret, either during the conclave, either, even after the election of the
new Pontiff, unless special or be given explicit authority for the same future
Pontiff. Also, do not get in any way, by any civil authority, under any
circumstances, the task of putting the "veto" or
"exclusive", even in the form of simple desire, and not manifest this
"veto" known for us in some way, not ever provide help or encourage
any interference, opposition or other intervention anyway, with the secular
authorities, of any kind or degree that they are, or any kind of people, in
groups or individually, would interfere in the election of the Roman Pontiff.
Thereupon
the cardinal electors tell each one individually: And I N. Cardinal
N. promise, pledge and swear me, and putting his hand on the
Gospels, added: So help me God and these Gospels which I touch with my
hand.
Then
Cardinal Cardinal Dean or first in order or seniority, addresses those present
a brief speech, exhorting them with words appropriate to carry out the election
in the prescribed manner and with the right intention, considering only the
good of the Church universal.
50. Done
all this, the Prefect of the Papal Household, the special delegate of the
Pontifical Commission for Vatican City and the commander of the Swiss Guard,
who, under this Constitution, is entrusted with the custody of the Conclave,
sworn by the formula prescribed [**] ,
to the Cardinal Dean or the first of the Cardinals and in the presence of all
the cardinal electors, so will the prelates clerics Reverend Apostolic Chamber,
the apostolic prothonotaries of participantium number and the auditors
of the Sacred Rota Roman, who is entrusted with the supervision and custody of
all that goes in and out of the Conclave. They will be helped by those
responsible for the papal ceremonies.
51. Then
all the cardinal electors are removed to the rooms, which have been designated
by lot, unless the Camerlengo and the three Cardinal Assistants, which will
remain in the chapel for the purposes of decommissioning the enclosure of the
Conclave. Meanwhile, all officers of the Caucus and other help, if you
have not done so, should pay as soon as possible above the prescribed oath in
the presence of the Secretary of the Conclave and the Papal Master of
Ceremonies, delegates to this for the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church.
52. Finally,
after the order of Cardinal Dean or the first of the cardinals has given a
timely signal, the Camerlengo and the three Cardinal Assistants, accompanied by
Master of Ceremonies, in charge of the ceremonies, the architect of the
Conclave and two experts technicians, make a careful inspection of the various
parts of the Conclave, that no stranger is inside. Therefore, you must
pass all the helpers list Caucus, including conclavists any of the cardinal
electors, so that no stranger is introduced between them. For this
verification will be gathered in the chapel, which will be called by name.
53. While
closed from within the conclave must also be closed from the outside, after
careful investigation by the Prefect of the Papal Household, the special
delegate of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City and the commander of the
Guard Switzerland, in the presence of the Dean, of the clergy of the Reverend
Prelates Apostolic Camera with Secretary by the Camerlengo deputy foreign minister,
in charge of the ceremonies and architects. The keys are then consigned to
the same special delegate of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City.
54. Execution
of internal and external closure will be two separate documents: the first,
written by Master of Pontifical Ceremonies, must be signed by the Secretary of
the Conclave and the same MC notary acting in the presence of two managers of
pontifical ceremonies as witnesses, the other must be written by one of the
clergy of the Apostolic Camera, commissioned by the Cardinal Camerlengo of the
Holy Roman Church, in the office of the special delegate of the Pontifical
Commission for the City Vatican. with the signature of the Prefect of the
Papal Household, the same special delegate and the commander of the Swiss
Guard.
CHAPTER
IV
THE SECRECY ABOUT EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS IN THE CAUCUS
THE SECRECY ABOUT EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS IN THE CAUCUS
55. The
Cardinal Camerlengo and the three Cardinal Assistants pro tempore are
required to monitor carefully, frequently visiting personally or through
others, the various parts of the Conclave, in order that its closure is not
violated in any way. During this visit are always present two technical
experts, who use, if necessary, modern appliances, investigate on the possible
presence of the instruments that is spoken in the no. 61. Should
anything be found of this type, the guilty will be expelled from the Caucus and
will be punished by severe will the future Pontiff.
56. After
the close of the Conclave, no person shall be admitted to speak with the
cardinal electors or with others involved in the conclave, but in the presence
of the prelates, who is entrusted with the custody of the same, making it aloud
and language understandable. In the event that any among sneaking into the
conclave, shall be deprived ipso facto of all honor, rank,
office and ecclesiastical benefice or, as the condition of the person shall be
subject to appropriate penalties.
57. Also
establish that they can not send letters or writings of any kind, including
printed, which are in conclave, without excluding the cardinal electors and,
especially, from the Conclave to outsiders, if each and every one of the
writings not been considered previously by the Secretary of the Conclave, with
prelates delegates to the custody of the same. However, this rule is excluded
from the exchange of letters, which will be free and unimpeded, from the
Apostolic Penitentiary and Cardinal Major Penitentiary resident in the
Conclave, therefore these letters, bearing the official stamp shall not be
subject to any review or inspection.
Also
expressly prohibit daily or periodical press send to or from the conclave
Conclave outside.
58. Caucus
Assistants are required to carefully avoid everything that could somehow
directly or indirectly violate the secret, as words, writings, signs or
anything else, under penalty of excommunication latae sententiae reserved
to the Apostolic See.
59. Prohibit
in particular the cardinal electors reveal their servers any news or any other
person that directly or indirectly relate to the feedback and what has been
discussed or decided on the election of the Pope in the Congregations of
Cardinals, either before either during the Conclave.
60. Also
ordered the cardinal electors, graviter onerata ipsorum conscientia, keep
secret all this even after the election of the new Pope, remembering that it is
not licit to break in any way, unless it has been granted a special and
explicit authority by the same Pontiff . We extend this order to all
others involved in the Conclave, who happened, good or bad faith, have come to
the knowledge of what has been done inside.
61. Finally,
for the cardinal electors can be safeguarded from the indiscretion of others or
any snares that may be laid to their independence of judgment and freedom of
choice, absolutely forbid it, under any pretext, are introduced into the
Conclave, or have been introduced, which are used, all the instruments used to
record, reproduce or transmit voices and images.
CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTION
62. The
morning after the close of the Conclave, once given the signal, the cardinal
electors who are not disabled by sickness gather in the chapel indicated where
concelebrate the Mass or attend.After the celebration and made the invocation
to the Holy Spirit, we proceed immediately to the election, which must take
effect only one of the three modes described below, otherwise the election is
to be considered null and void, leaving standing as is set to no. 76.
63. The
first mode of election can be called by acclamation or inspiration, and
occurs when the cardinal electors, as illuminated by the Holy Spirit, freely
and spontaneously, proclaim one unanimously and loudly, Supreme Pontiff. This
form of election can be effected only in conclave and after the closing of the
enclosure and must be pronouncing the word eligo intelligibly
or expressing it in writing, in case one can not utter it. It also
required that this form of choice is accepted unanimously by every one of the
cardinal electors present in the conclave, even those who by reason of illness
have been in their rooms, with no disagreement by one or has been previously
any special agreement on the name of the person you choose.
If
any of the cardinal electors, for example, say spontaneously and without
special agreement:Eminent Fathers: In view of the singular virtue and
probity which contribute to the Reverend NN, I believe it worthy of being
elected Pope and now I choose Pope himself, and everyone else, without
exception, follow his apparently repeating the word intelligibly eligo or, if
you can not do it, expressing it in writing, the person so unanimously
indicated no other agreement, would be canonically elected Pope Thus according
to choice.
64. The
second mode, called for commitment, occurs when, under certain
circumstances, the cardinal electors entrusted to a group of them to choose,
rather than all, the Shepherd of the Catholic Church. Again, each and
every one of the cardinal electors present in the conclave and closed without
dissent determined to proceed by commitment, trust election to some parents,
who are in an odd number, from a minimum to a maximum of nine fifteen
subscribing, for example, the following formula: In the name of the
Lord. Amen. In ... to ... the month of ..., we each and
every one of the cardinal electors present in the conclave (the names of each
of the cardinal electors) and we decided to proceed with the election decided
by compromise and thus concorde and unanimously without any dissent. Emmos
electors to choose. Parents ... who give full power to provide the Holy
Roman Church of his Pastor, in this form, that is ... And here it is
necessary that the cardinal electors, who make the commitment, and clearly
indicate how the form in which the electors should proceed to the election and
what is required to be valid, for example, whether to propose before the entire
electorate to choose the person they think should be made directly or election; if all the delegates must agree on the
same person or whether it will be sufficient that two thirds; whether to
appoint only one that is part of the electorate or even to an outsider, etc..
It
will be also necessary to fix precisely how long the cardinal electors leave
the delegates the power to choose, finally add these or similar words: We
promise to recognize Pope him whom the commissioners have decided to choose
according to the above formula indicated.
Mandated
with such requirements, the delegates retire to a separate, closed, with the
clear premise that, more free time to talk, do not think consent by any
statement in words but it will expressly in writing. After the delegates
have carried the election in accordance with the standard prescribed to them,
and once enacted in Conclave, which was chosen in this way is truly canonical
and Papa.
65. The
third and ordinary mode choice is the Roman Pontiff is crutinio. fully
confirm this respect formerly sanctioned by law and since then scrupulously
observed, which states that for the valid election of the Supreme Pontiff
requires two-thirds vote. We also want to maintain in force the standard
set by our predecessor Pius XII, which prescribes that the two-thirds majority
must always add one more (cf. Const. Apost. Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis ,
68, AAS 38, 1946, p. 87).
66. Election
by ballot takes place in three phases, the first of which can be called
preescrutinio, including: 1) the preparation and distribution of ballots by the
makers of the ceremonies, who give at least two or three on each cardinal
elector; 2) extracting, by lot among the cardinal electors, three tellers,
three collected the votes of the sick, called for brevity infirmarii ,
and three reviewers, this giveaway is from publicly the last cardinal deacon,
who draws out nine names of those who must carry out these tasks, 3) the
collection of ballots: this must be carried out in secret by each cardinal
elector, who will write, with less recognizable writing possible the name of
those who choose to avoid writing more names because the vote would be null, 4)
how to fold the ballot, through the center of each, so that it would reduce the
size of an inch.
67. In
this phase the choice by screening, we must take into account the following
requirements: a) the ballot has to have rectangular shape and in the upper half
be written the following words: Eligo in Summum Pontificem ...,
while in the lower half should leave room to write the name of the chosen, so
the ballot is made so that it can be folded in two; b)
if the removal of the tellers,infirmarii and reviewers, leaving the
names of cardinal electors who , due to illness or other reasons, can not carry
out these tasks instead be extracted the names of others who are not disabled. The
first three features extracted develop tellers, the three following infirmarii and
the last three of reviewers: c) for the feedback, the cardinal electors must
remain alone in the chapel, for which, immediately after the distribution of
ballots and before voters start writing, the Secretary of the Conclave, the
Papal Master of Ceremonies and ceremonies makers must leave the classroom after
leaving them, the last cardinal deacon closes the door, opening it and
returning it to open all times as required, for example when infirmarii target
collect the votes of the sick and return to the chapel.
68. The
second stage, called the true and proper scrutiny, including: 1) place the
ballots in the container specified for it, 2) the mixture and count them, 3)
the counting of votes. Each cardinal elector, in order of precedence,
having written and folded the ballot, holding it up so that you see, leads to
the altar where the tellers and on which is placed a bowl covered with a dish
to collect the ballots . Reached the altar, genuflects Cardinal elector,
pray for a moment and stood and uttered aloud the following oath formula: I
call to witness Christ the Lord who will judge me, that I give my vote to that
that in the presence of God, qua think should be elected . Then
deposits the ballot into the dish and he drops it into the container. Then
tilt the altar ago and returns to his place.
If
some of the cardinal electors present in the chapel may not approach the altar
for being sick, the last of the tellers to him and he made the usual oath,
hands folded ballot at the same teller, who carries so well visible to the
altar and, without prayer or reciting the oath, the deposits on the plate and
he drops it into the container.
69. If
sick cardinal electors who have stayed in their rooms, the three infirrmarii target
beyond carrying a box that takes the top an opening through which can be
inserted a folded ballot. The tellers, before handing the box to infirmarii ,
the open to all, so that other voters can verify that it is empty, then close
it and place the key on the altar. Then the infirmarii closed
box with a convenient number of ballots on a tray, then go to the room of each
patient, which, taken a ballot, vote secretly, folds and taken the oath
mentioned above, enters the housing through the slot. If a patient is
unable to write, one of the three infirmarii or other cardinal
elector chosen by the patient, after being sworn in, in the hands of the same infirmarii ,
to keep secret, carried out such operations. After this, the infirmarii back
with the box to the chapel and the tellers, once opened, containing the ballots
counted, after having verified that it corresponds to the number of patients,
put them one by one on the plate and, using this, drop them all together to the
container. For not much extending the vote, the infirmarii may
fill out and deposit their ballots in the container immediately after the first
of the cardinals finally going to collect the votes of the sick in the manner
indicated above, while other voters cast their ballot .
70. Once
all the cardinal electors have introduced their ballots in the container, the
first Scrutineer moved several times to mix them, immediately after the last
teller proceeds to count them, pulling them out one by one and so visible
container and returning them to deposit in another empty container prepared for
this purpose. If the number of ballots does not match the number of
voters, and must all be burned immediately proceed to a second ballot: if, on
the contrary, the number of ballots corresponds to the number of voters,
continue counting ballots, which done in the following way:
71. The
tellers sit at a table set before the altar: the first one takes a ballot,
opens it, looks at the name chosen and passes the second teller who, after
checking in turn chosen name, passes the third, who reads aloud and
intelligible, so that all voters present to record the vote in an appropriate
sheet. The same notes that you have read the name on the ballot. If,
during the counting of votes, the tellers discover two ballots folded so that
seem to have been filled by a single voter, they bear the same name, will be
counted as one vote, and if, on the contrary, have different names, not valid
neither votes, but the vote will not be canceled in any of the two cases.
After
the counting of the ballots, the tellers add the votes obtained by the various
names and write them down on a separate sheet. The last of the
tellers, as you read each of the ballots, pierced with a needle at the point
where the words I choose and the skewers on a wire, so
they can be stored safely. Upon completion of reading the names, a knot
tied with thread ends, and so linked ballots, are placed in a vacuum
container or a side of the table.
72. Follow,
finally, the third and final phase, also called post-scrutiny, including:
1) the counting of votes, 2) control, 3) the combustion of ballots.
The
tellers make the sum of all the votes that each has obtained and if none has
reached the two-thirds majority plus one, it was elected Pope in this poll, if
instead it turns out that someone has obtained two-thirds vote plus one, it
shall be canonically valid election of the Roman Pontiff.
In
both cases, ie, has taken place or not choosing, reviewers should carry out
checks both ballots as annotations of the votes made by the tellers to see if
they have exactly and faithfully performed its function.
Immediately
after the review, before the cardinal electors leave the room, all ballots will
be burned by the tellers, who will assist the Secretary of the Conclave, and
managers of the ceremonies, called in the interval from the last cardinal
deacon. In case you should immediately proceed to a second ballot, the
ballots from the first ballot shall be burned only at the end, along with the
second ballot.
73. We
send each and every one of the cardinal electors, who, in order to maintain
secrecy more securely, delivered to Cardinal Camerlengo or one of the three
cardinals attending the writings of any kind that have them on the outcome of
each of the scrutiny. Such writings should be burned along with the
ballots.
Also
establish that, at the end of the conclave, Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy
Roman Church extends a document, which should also be approved by the three
Cardinal Assistants, which declare the result of the votes of each of the
sessions. This writing, kept on file, should be locked in a sealed
envelope, which shall not be opened by anyone, unless the Supreme Pontiff gives
explicit permission.
74. Confirming
the provisions of our predecessors of venerable memory, St. Pius X (cf. Const.
Apost. Vacant Apostolic See: Pii X Pontificis Maximi Minutes, p.
280-281) and Pius XII (cf. Const. Apost. Vacancies Apostolicae Sedis, 88
, AAS 38, 1946, p. 93), we order that the cardinal electors,
both morning and afternoon, immediately after a vote in which no election has
taken place, proceed immediately to a second, in which again give his vote,
count the votes cast in the previous ballot. In this second ballot shall
observe all rules of the first, with the difference that the voters are not
required to make a new oath, or to elect new tellers, infirmarii and reviewers,
this order remains valid also for the second ballot which as was done in the
first, without any repetition.
75. All
that has been established above about the conduct of voting, must be diligently
observed by the cardinal electors in all elections, which must be made every day, morning and evening, after the sacred functions or
sentences laid down in that rituum sacrorum Conclavis Ordo.
76. In
the case of the cardinal electors who find it difficult to agree on the person
to choose, then, to no avail concluded three days of scrutiny in the manner
described (No. 65 et seq.), They are suspended, the most for a day, to pause
for prayer, free conversation between voters and a brief spiritual exhortation
made by Cardinal first order of deacons. After all this
voting resumed in the same form and if after seven ballots not obtained the
election was another pause for prayer and conversation exhortation given by
Cardinal first Order of Priests. It comes after Another series of seven
ballots, followed, if you have not got the result, a further pause for prayer,
discussion and exhortation given by Cardinal first order of bishops. Then
the Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church consult voters on how to
proceed. It should not require abandoning the criterion for an effective
vote, two-thirds of votes plus one, except that all the cardinal electors,
unanimously, that is, without exception, to speak out in favor of a different
approach, which may consist incommitment (see no. 64) or an
absolute majority of votes, plus one, or in the tiebreaker between the two that
have earned the most votes in the immediately preceding election.
77. If
the choice was made differently than the three described above (see no. 63 et
seq.), Or without the conditions for each of them, so it is null and void (see
no. 62) , without requiring any statement, and does not entitle anyone who was
elected in this way.
78. We
establish that the provisions pertaining to everything that precedes the
election of the Roman Pontiff and the development of it, must be fully
observed, even if the vacancy elevated the Apostolic could occur as a result of
the resignation of the Supreme Pontiff.
CHAPTER
VI
WHAT TO WATCH OR AVOID AT ELECT THE ROMAN PONTIFF
WHAT TO WATCH OR AVOID AT ELECT THE ROMAN PONTIFF
79. We
also, as our ancestors. disapprove and condemn the detestable crime of
simony in the election of the Roman Pontiff and inflict excommunication latae
sententiae all those who become guilty, but at the same time, we
affirmed the readiness of our predecessor St. Pius X, which has been removing
the nullification of the election simoniacal established by Julius II or any
other pontifical decree, so that is not challenged on that ground the validity
of the election of the Roman Pontiff (cf. Const. Apost. Vacant
Apostolic See, no. 79 : Pii X Pontificis Maximi Act, III,
p. 282).
80. We also confirm the requirements of our predecessors, we forbid anyone, even if they are invested with the dignity of Cardinal, treat, while the Pope alive and without consultation, on the election of his successor, promise votes, or making decisions in this regard in private meetings .
81. Similarly, we wish to reaffirm our predecessors as sanctioned in order to exclude any external intervention in the election of the Supreme Pontiff. So, again, in virtue of holy obedience and under pain of excommunication latae sententiae, forbid all and each of the voters, present and future, and the Secretary of the Conclave and all participants therein, receive, under any pretext, from any civil authority, was commissioned to put the veto or the exclusive, even in the form of simple desire, or also be manifest to the whole group gathered together election, whether each of the voters, in writing or word, directly or indirectly, both before and during the conclave. We hope that this prohibition extends to all possible interferences, oppositions and desires, which would interfere with the election of Pope secular authorities of any level or degree, or any kind of people, in groups or individually.
82. The cardinal electors are also to abstain from any form of pact, agreement, promise or other commitment of any kind which could oblige them to give or not to give the vote to one or a few. If this were done, even under oath, decree that is null and void and that no one is obliged to observe and from henceforth impose excommunication latae sententiae offenders. However, we do not intend to prohibit during the Vacant See exchanges of ideas are made about the election.
83. Similarly, forbid the Cardinals do, before the election, capitulations, ie commitments of agreement and agrees to meet them in the event that one of them be elevated to the papacy. And these promises, if they existed, even if they were made under oath, declare them null and void.
84. With the same insistence of our predecessors we strongly urge that the cardinal electors in the election of the Pope, not be swayed by friendship or aversion, or be influenced by favor or respect for anyone or push through the intervention of important people or pressure groups, by the suggestions of social media, by violence, by the fear or the desire for popularity. Rather, considering only the glory of God and the good of the Church, and having prayed for divine assistance, give their vote to the person deemed more appropriate than others to lead a fruitful and useful to the universal Church.
85. During the celebration of the Conclave, the Church is united in a very particular with their pastors and especially the cardinal electors of the Pope and asks God the new chief as a gift of her goodness and providence. In fact, the example of the first Christian community of which he speaks in the Acts of the Apostles (cf. Acts 1: 14), the universal Church, spiritually united with Mary, Mother of Jesus, must "persevering with one mind in prayer "Thus the election of the new Pope will not be an isolated event of God's people and booked the only polling station, but in a certain sense, is an action of the whole Church. Thus, we establish that in all cities and in other places, at least in the most important, having received the news of the Pope's death and after the celebration of the funeral rites, is humble and persevering prayers to Lord, to enlighten the electors and make them so likeminded in their task to obtain a quick, unanimous and fruitful election, as required by the salvation of souls and the good of everyone.
86. As refers to one who is elected, please do not fall outside the office to which it is named, for fear of its weight, but to submit humbly to the design of the divine will. Because God who imposes the burden, it holds your hand, so you can carry it, and to give it a heavy task, also gives aid to fill it, and to give dignity, gives strength, so that not droop under the weight of the craft.
CHAPTER VII
ACCEPTANCE, PROCLAMATION AND CORONATION OF NEW POPE
87. Made canonical election, the last of the cardinal deacons called to the room of the Secretary of the Conclave, the Master of Ceremonies and the charge of the ceremonies. Then the Cardinal Dean or the first of the cardinals in order of seniority, on behalf of the College of electors, chosen consent requests with these words: Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff? , upon receipt of the consent asks: How do you want to be called? Then the Master of Pontifical Ceremonies, according to notary and two witnesses by taking charge of the ceremonies, take minutes of the acceptance of the new Pope and took the name.
88. After acceptance, the chosen and received episcopal ordination, is immediately Bishop of the Roman Church, true Pope and Head of the Episcopal College, the same acquires actually can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church.
If,
however, the character is devoid elected Episcopal bishop will be ordained
immediately.
89. Meanwhile, met the other formalities in rituum sacrorum Conclavis Ordo , the cardinal electors are close, in the manner prescribed, to tax their homage and obedience to the newly elected Pope. Successively thank God and then the first of the cardinal deacons announces to the people waiting who the new pontiff, who, immediately after, gives the blessing Urbi et Orbi.
If
the choice is devoid of a Bishop, he pays homage and obedience and made the
announcement to the people only after it has received episcopal ordination.
90. If, however, the choice is out of the Conclave, must be observed the rules contained in thatrituum sacrorum Conclavis Ordo .
The
episcopal ordination of the Supreme Pontiff, if not yet a bishop, which is
spoken in the numbers 88 and 89, will - of more Ecclesiae -
the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals or, in his absence, the Vice-Dean
or, if Also it is prevented, the most senior Cardinal Bishops.
91. Establish that, in terms of canonical effects of spoken in no. 56, the Conclave ends immediately after the election of the Supreme Pontiff and he has given his consent, and, if not a bishop, after his episcopal ordination (cf. 88 and 89). Therefore, we decree that from the outset to have access to elected Pontiff Substitute of the Secretariat of State, the Secretary of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, the Prefect of the Papal Household and anyone else who has to deal with the elected Pontiff issues necessary in such moments.
92. Finally, the Pontiff will be crowned by Cardinal Protodeacon and within a suitable space of time, will take possession of the Patriarchal Lateran Basilica, according to the rite prescribed.
All
this, therefore, establish and prescribe, after mature and careful reflection,
and declaring abrogated, as noted above, the regulations and the Apostolic
Constitutions, issued in this regard by the Roman Pontiffs Our want this
Constitution has full effect now and in the future, so that the set has been
exposed and the same, exactly observed by all concerned and thus be implemented
notwithstanding any provision to the contrary even worthy of special mention. If
despite this, consciously or unconsciously, to act differently as we have
prescribed, declare that these actions are totally deprived of value.
Given in Rome, at Saint Peter's, on October 1, 1975, the year of our pontificate XIII.
[*] oath formula that will provide the
Secretary of the Conclave and the Papal Master of Ceremonies: I ...,
touching the Holy Gospels, promise and swear that I will be faithful to each
and every one of the provisions of the Sacred College of Cardinals and diligently
and conscientiously fulfill my duty. Similarly promise and swear that I
will keep secret inviolable every ... (The text of the oath formula
Caucus officers, transcribed below).
[**] Formula oath: I, NN, promise, pledge
and swear me fulfill my duty faithfully and diligently, under rules set by the
Popes and the provisions issued by the Sacred College of Cardinals. So
help me God and these Holy Gospels which I touch with my hand.
Students and Teachers of US History this is a video of Stanley and Christopher Klos presenting America's Four United Republics Curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. The December 2015 video was an impromptu capture by a member of the audience of Penn students, professors and guests that numbered about 200. -- Download Curriculum Here |
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