tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21663285944897987692024-02-22T06:30:13.219-08:00Pope Pius XGiuseppe Melchiorre Sarto was born on June 2, 1835 and in 1903 became the 257th Roman Catholic Pope serving as Pius X until his death on August 20th, 1914. He rejected modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, was devoted to Mary, and adopted the first Code of Canon Law, which collected and published, for the first time, all the laws of the Church.Estorichttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01053949094757114679noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2166328594489798769.post-21422873903221162852013-03-12T10:00:00.001-07:002015-11-07T16:32:51.910-08:00Pope Pius X<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><b>Pope Pius X</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 36px;">Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">was born on June 2, 1835 and in 1903 became the 257th Roman Catholic Pope serving as Pius X until his death on August 20th, 1914. He rejected modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, was devoted to Mary, and adopted the first Code of Canon Law, which collected and published, for the first time, all the laws of the Church. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">He was born at Riese, near
Venice, the son of a postman and studied at Treviso, Padua, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1858. His first </span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">assignment was</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"> chaplain at Tombolo
for nine years and then arch-priest of Salzano from 1867 to 1875, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">a large borough of the Diocese of Treviso. Here he restored the church, and provided for the enlargement and maintenance of the hospital on his own development and distinguished himself by his abnegation during the cholera outbreak.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">In 1867 he was made canon of the Cathedral of Treviso and in 1878 was elected Vicar
Capitular. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">As vicar he filled several offices, among them those of spiritual director and rector of the seminary, examiner of the clergy, and vicar-general. He also made it possible for the students of the public schools to receive religious instruction.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">Sarto was next named Bishop of Mantua in 1884, then a hotbed of socialism
and agnosticism. Here he established a reputation for able administration and
uncompromising loyalty to the principles of the Church. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">His chief task in this new position was for the formation of the clergy at the seminary, where he taught dogmatic and moral theology. He required that the doctrine and method of St. Thomas to be followed, and to many of the poorer students he gave copies of the <i>"Summa Theologica." </i> He also cultivated the Gregorian Chant in company with the seminarians. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">At the Secret
Consistory in 1893, he was ordained Cardinal </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">under the title of San Bernardo alle Terme</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> by Pope Leo XIII, and three days
later was preconized Patriarch of Venice. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"> He retained the title of Apostolic Administrator of Mantua because is was forced to wait eighteen months before he was able to take possession of his new diocese. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 38px;">The Italian government </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">refused for a year to grant Sarto his exequatur </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 38px;">because it claimed the right to nominate the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Venice </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 38px;">Patriarch </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">as it had been historically exercised by the Emperor of Austria. This matter was hotly debated in the newspapers and in pamphlets and the Government, by way of reprisal, also refused its exequatur to the other bishops who were appointed increasing the number of vacancies </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">to thirty. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Italian Minister Crispi returned to power and he worked with the Holy See which raised the mission of Eritrea to the rank of an Apostolic Prefecture in favour of the Italian Capuchins. The Government, who held no opposition to Sarto personally, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">withdrew from its position. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; text-align: justify;">Cardinal Sarto, Patriarch of Venice</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">At Venice, Cardinal Sarto paid great attention to the seminary, where he obtained the establishment of the faculty of canon law. In 1898 he held the diocesan synod and again promoted the use of the Gregorian Chant. He was a great patron of Lorenzo Perosi and he favored social works, especially the rural parochial banks. He opposed the dangers of certain doctrines and the conduct of certain Christian-Democrats. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">On
July 20<sup>th</sup>, 1903, Pope Leo XIII, died. The Cardinals met in conclave
on Friday, July 31st, and remained in session four days balloting seven
times. The final count showed that Sarto </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">was elected by a vote of 55 out of a possible 60 votes. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">Cardinal Sarto was asked: </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">"Do you
accept the election?"</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> He gave a reply in the affirmative. When asked what
name he chose he replied: </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">"Pius."</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">
All the throne canopies were then lowered, with the exception of that of
the successful candidate. Then Prince Chigi, the master of the conclave, drew
up the official act of the election and acceptance of the newly elected Pope.
Pius then retired into a small room near the altar, where he dressed into the white
robes of his office. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">The
new Pope emerged attired in white with the exception of red shoes. This was
quite regular, but he also failed to remove the red Cardinal's socks which were supposed to be replaced with the traditional white Papal stockings. The secretary of the conclave, </span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Monsignor</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"> Merry del Val,
kneeling, then offered him the Papal white cap admisth breathless silence. He did
not follow the precedent created by Pope Leo, who declined to give his red cap
to the master of ceremonies as a sign that he would soon be created a Cardinal,
but with a slight smile, Pius X took the white cap and placed it calmly on his own
head. He then dropped the red one lightly on the head of </span><span style="line-height: 36px;">Monsignor</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> Merry del Val, amidst
a murmur of approval. This was taken as a certain indication that the happy
recipient was soon to be raised to the Cardinalate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">As
the new Pontiff stepped from behind the altar, he seemed to be the embodiment
of his holy office. His face was pale and clearly softened by emotion. He
paused a moment, as he came before the expectant Cardinals, then seated himself
on the throne, to receive the <i>"first obedience." </i>Then the Te Deum was
intoned. At the close of this hymn of
praise Pius X rose, and in a voice at first tremulous but gradually becoming
full and firm, administered the Papal blessing to all of the members of the
Sacred College.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">At noon </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">Cardinal
Macehi, secretary of apostolic briefs, announced to the crowd assembled
before St. Peter's that Cardinal Sarto, Patriarch of Venice, had been elected
Pope, and that he had taken the name Pius X.
At 12:10 pm, Pope Pius X appeared inside the balcony of the
basilica and blessed the people, amid the </span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">acclamation</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"> of the enormous crowd
assembled. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">His coronation took place on the following Sunday, August 9th, 1903.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">Pius X's first official act as Pope occurred when he addressed his first Encyclical to
the Church Universal. He declared that in filling the
duties of his exalted office, he would be nothing but the Minister of God , with the motto </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><i>"instaurare omnia in Christo." </i> </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">He proclaimed that the safety of society depends upon the Church and that all must have recourse
to prayer. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">By the end of the year, Pope
Pius X had abolished the traditional right of veto at the papal election,
claimed by several European governments and exercised for the last time (by
Austria) against Cardinal Rampolla, who otherwise might have been Pope
instead of Sarto. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpO54Al2mTg8XBcmqtOGe7kBnSDztMlxFjeF625bIz3_tSEcxSkWsC1pphg0yCxmdT5JUeQr4Mt_pLW9wmhzJr9LsNGuqIBcxnxW6k7-ECW-xGnBfj_yLyRg68hKft5fGBw-ZY_OK5ipk/s1600/Pius+X+Homily.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpO54Al2mTg8XBcmqtOGe7kBnSDztMlxFjeF625bIz3_tSEcxSkWsC1pphg0yCxmdT5JUeQr4Mt_pLW9wmhzJr9LsNGuqIBcxnxW6k7-ECW-xGnBfj_yLyRg68hKft5fGBw-ZY_OK5ipk/s640/Pius+X+Homily.jpg" title="Unpublished Pius X Homily on the Immaculate Conception - Dr. Richard Pomazal Collection - www.popepiusx.com" width="474" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Page one (bottom insert) on Page two </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">(22 pages in total) </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">of an unpublished Cardinal Sarto Immaculate Conception Homily </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">from the Dr. Richard Pomazal Collection</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">On
February 2, 1904 Pius X issued his <i>Ad
diem Illum Laetissimum</i> encyclical in commemoration of the fiftieth
anniversary of the Immaculate conception </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">dogma</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">. The encyclical maintained, that Christ was
the Word made Flesh and the Savior of all mankind. Jesus had a physical body like
any other man: but, as the Savior of the human family, Christ also had a
spiritual and mystical body, which Pius X decreed as the Church. The Blessed
Virgin did not conceive the eternal son of God merely in order that Christ might
be made man, although Pius wrote that God did obtain his human nature from Mary. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">"By means of the
human nature Christ assumed from Mary, he became the Redeemer of men. Mary,
carrying the Savior within her, also carried all those whose life was contained
in the life of the Savior. Therefore all the faithful united to Christ, are
members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones from the womb of Mary like
a body united to its head." </span></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhrpHuOdeVo3uOYnCOuDgtJVhL1YiS0mQCee5bhegkbxzAw_TCONZknRCaW8nx8ztpgGb1VDgvzPchXTYZGQ4IM6e0iOvVDGa53kfFRreh67JrYbgzU9IDzmWJ2dLFEODr5cjAvUgfSVw/s1600/immaculate_conception.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhrpHuOdeVo3uOYnCOuDgtJVhL1YiS0mQCee5bhegkbxzAw_TCONZknRCaW8nx8ztpgGb1VDgvzPchXTYZGQ4IM6e0iOvVDGa53kfFRreh67JrYbgzU9IDzmWJ2dLFEODr5cjAvUgfSVw/s640/immaculate_conception.jpg" title="The Immaculate Conception of the Venerable Ones, or of Soult by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617–1682) - http://www.popepiusx.com" width="436" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">Though a spiritual and mystical fashion, they are
all children of Mary, and she is their Mother. Mother, spiritually indeed, but
truly Mother of the members of Christ. The Marian encyclical pontifical motto, </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">“Omnia restaurare in
Christo”</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> to restore everything in Christ, promoted the Ad diem illum devotions,
stating, that </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><i>“no honouring is more pleasing to Mary, none She likes better,
than the one in which we truly recognize and love Jesus.” </i></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">This, according to Pius X, is the aim of Marian encyclical.
The pronouncement of the Immaculate
Conception was also a part of the Marian encyclical "But let people
believe and confess that the Virgin Mary has been from the first moment of her
conception preserved from all stain; and it is straightway necessary that they
should admit both original sin and the rehabilitation of the human race by
Jesus Christ, the Gospel, and the Church and the law of suffering” This Immaculate
Conception dogma, Pius X decreed is the
answer, by its obligation </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><i>“of recognizing in the Church a power before which
(mankind ) not only has the will to bow, but the intelligence to subject itself.”
Mary, “a virgin, was kept free from all
stain of original sin because she was to be the Mother of Christ; and She was
the Mother of Christ, so that the hope of everlasting happiness might be born
again in our souls.”</i></span></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pius
X also issued the <i>“Motu Proprio,”</i> providing for the reformation of the music
used in the rituals of the Catholic church. Specifically, Pope Pius X, from his
experience as a Churchman, had found that the ecclesiastical music in the
Church had deteriorated and it was not used universally in the Church
ceremonials. The <i>“Motu Proprio,”</i> issued November 22nd, 1903, was to have a
binding force throughout the Church and in it Pius declared that the pure
Gregorian Chant should be used universally and absolutely and no other. <i>"We will,"</i> said Pius X, </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><i>"with the fulness of our Apostolic
authority that the force of law be given to said Motu proprio and we do by our
present handwriting impose its scrupulous observance upon all."</i> </span></blockquote>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr4vOWXO2-7XPg9jEeD_VA0WkE1UubztnsYulPBVoidPRDd1e7lLFvcRWrp7Jh0ygu6hHiIAKyc6Em_OP4fp1fOK8L7yaCRXR16leKhKshpSqfTyJYTnRg5xkVBoClMsGSHEU8sNzJQ2A/s1600/chant+Evora06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr4vOWXO2-7XPg9jEeD_VA0WkE1UubztnsYulPBVoidPRDd1e7lLFvcRWrp7Jh0ygu6hHiIAKyc6Em_OP4fp1fOK8L7yaCRXR16leKhKshpSqfTyJYTnRg5xkVBoClMsGSHEU8sNzJQ2A/s640/chant+Evora06.jpg" title="Antiphonary with Gregorian chants - http://www.popepiusx.com" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">His Excellency, Monsignore Falconio, the
Apostolic Delegate to the United States noted that:</span></div>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">"<i>The instruction of our Holy Father, Pius X.,
is clear and evident. It is directed to the whole Catholic world. No nation was
exempted; and it has a juridical and authoritative binding character everywhere
upon all Catholics. Unfortunately the edict of our Sovereign Pontiff has been
received by many in this country with misgivings as to the probability of
putting it into practice. I trust that this timidity will be overcome by the
help and encouragement given by the happy results already in those churches
where the Reverend Pastors, in obedience to the Pope's orders, have
courageously undertaken the desired reform. What has already been accomplished
since the publication of the Motu proprio, in some of our American cathedrals
and churches, can be accomplished in others, if the pastors will only manifest
sufficient zeal and set themselves to work with earnestness and perseverance
for this much-needed reform."<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">In
1904 Pius X established commissions to codify the canon law and to reform the
Breviary, which was the liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the
Catholic Church containing the public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms,
readings, and notations for everyday use. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"> This special congregation of cardinals, of which Mgr Gasparri, later a cardinal, became the secretary was composed of the most eminent authorities on canon law, throughout the world. They were charged to collaboratie in the formation of the new code calling for nothing less than the reduction of “all of canon law” into canons along the models of recent civil Codes. Gasparri wrote: </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">“The order to be observed [in the new code] will more or less be as follows: being preceded by a general part consisting of the titles De Summa Trinitiate et fide catholica, De Constitutionibus, De Consuetudine, [and] De Rescriptis, there will be five books: De Personis, De Sacramentis; De Rebus et Locis sacris, De Delictis et Poenis, [and] De Iudiciis.”</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></i></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">The 1917 Code are immediately recognizable in this very early outline: </span></span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Persons</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Things (into which Gasparri had put Sacraments and Things and Sacred Places), </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Crimes and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Penalties</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Trials (albeit reversing the order of the last two books during the codification process). </span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">That left only Book I of the Pio-Benedictine Code, General Norms, unaccounted for, but recognizing such topics as Custom and Rescripts among his proposed preliminary “titles,”, it is easily surmised that these matters were grouped with others then unnamed in what finally emerged as Book I of the 1917 Code. </span><br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDlojwlMYeCpxDhV2gMTSEl-kGIWSyb81flwlXqpuHcxxclt4wFcAcXtTeP_hSwZIMJ3lUvAO4huaRfFltKtMaCDApYkYoj1cCcPeUEreDjnpCSbZ2d_yO-CycHLPDP3kgU9Ul5rmQAoc/s1600/gasparri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDlojwlMYeCpxDhV2gMTSEl-kGIWSyb81flwlXqpuHcxxclt4wFcAcXtTeP_hSwZIMJ3lUvAO4huaRfFltKtMaCDApYkYoj1cCcPeUEreDjnpCSbZ2d_yO-CycHLPDP3kgU9Ul5rmQAoc/s400/gasparri.jpg" title="Pietro Gasparri (May 5, 1852 – November 18, 1934) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, diplomat and politician in the Roman Curia and signatory of the Lateran Pacts. - http://www.popepiusx.com/ " width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pietro Gasparri (May 5, 1852 – November 18, 1934) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, diplomat and politician in the Roman Curia and signatory of the Lateran Pacts</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Pope Pius X chose wisely as </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Perlegisti reads consistently with the idea that Gasparri had long wanted to work on a canonical codification project and had obviously given it much preliminary thought. The result was the collection, organization, and publication, for the first time, of all the laws of the Church as the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Code of Canon Law</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
1906 Pius X had resolutely opposed the French law designed to effect a
separation of church and state, and, unwilling to compromise, he allowed
valuable property to be taken by the secular government rather than sacrifice
complete ecclesiastical independence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> The decree on all the faithful approaching
daily Communion was issued the 14th of February, 1906. It urged simply that the
legislation of the Council of Trent on this subject be carried out more
effectually than has hitherto been done. According to this legislation, the
faithful are to receive daily Communion, not merely spiritually but actually,
whenever they assist at daily Mass.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">His
decree Lamentabilc or the <i>"Syllabus of Pius X” </i> was published in 1907, and condemned errors in
the exegesis of Holy Scripture and in the history and interpretation of dogma. The
syllabus was a campaign against modernism in general and philosophical
evolutionism in particular. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">The greater number of his propositions concerned the Holy Scripture, their inspiration, and the doctrine of Jesus and of the Apostles, while others relate to dogma, the sacraments, and the primacy of the Bishop of Rome. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">The document also affirmed that the Sacrament of
Reconciliation was instituted by Jesus himself, as in the Gospel of John
20:22-23. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%;">
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDWsnNE801kcTQiNAGGkpscyXby3HJ0XVL84oXZZLhyHEjngTZyafNykzQz-St-nbiNqnrcnZu2a-LyFEoWHzuS-jkuKCYm1vIS-9hzyiCtYZKHWjRGq9a_LCvmD8TIjLJU9oFIoPnUpE/s1600/decreto_lamentabili__81475.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDWsnNE801kcTQiNAGGkpscyXby3HJ0XVL84oXZZLhyHEjngTZyafNykzQz-St-nbiNqnrcnZu2a-LyFEoWHzuS-jkuKCYm1vIS-9hzyiCtYZKHWjRGq9a_LCvmD8TIjLJU9oFIoPnUpE/s640/decreto_lamentabili__81475.jpg" title="Decree Lamentabili condemning 65 propositions Modernist Decree Quam singulari over the age of admission to the First Communion. - http://www.popepiusx.com" width="444" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Decree Lamentabili condemning 65 propositions Modernist Decree Quam singulari </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">In the same year was issued
his famous encyclical Pascendi, in which modernism was condemned. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">His </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">encyclical </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">pointed out the danger of Modernism in relation to philosophy, apologetics, exegesis, history, liturgy, and discipline, and demonstrated the contradiction between that innovation and the ancient faith. The </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">encyclical also </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">established rules by which to combat efficiently the pernicious doctrines in question. Among the means suggested was the establishment of an official body of <i>"censors"</i> of books and the creation of a <i>"Committee of Vigilance".</i></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">On
May 7, 1909 in an Apostolic Letter, Vinea Electa, Pius X established a center of advanced studies in Holy Scripture
in order to promote in the most effective manner possible the doctrine and all
the connected studies, according to the spirit of the Catholic Church. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji9yVnX1V40ZZRsCKuX530XE25Opaic-hlMUE9o3JtiCd0TQwcdumbnFv-7mQwuiEd6Y97vOxCbqve58qpk45ZnVePfnmlm5P8HAWK7jlgt5xxkB-Wv2yZFsDAM8pUcW3PxS0TNH5x2UI/s1600/pbi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji9yVnX1V40ZZRsCKuX530XE25Opaic-hlMUE9o3JtiCd0TQwcdumbnFv-7mQwuiEd6Y97vOxCbqve58qpk45ZnVePfnmlm5P8HAWK7jlgt5xxkB-Wv2yZFsDAM8pUcW3PxS0TNH5x2UI/s400/pbi.jpg" title="The Pontifical Biblical Institute is situated in Rome as an institution of the Holy See and administered by the Jesuits located at Via della Pilotta 25 - 00187 Roma, Telephe: + 39 06 6953611 - http://www.popepiusx.com" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Pontifical Biblical Institute is situated in Rome as an institution of the Holy See and administered by the Jesuits located at Via della Pilotta 25 - 00187 Roma, Telephe: + 39 06 6953611 </b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">The Pontifical Biblical Institute (P.B.I.) was situated in Rome as an institution of the Holy See and
administered by the Jesuits offering theological instruction at the university
level. Its first Rector was the Rev.
Leopold Fonck, S.J. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">who had the initial mission of preparing students to take the exams at the Pontifical Biblical Commission. With the Apostolic Letter <i>Cum Biblia sacred </i>(15/08/1916) Benedict XV authorized to confer the academic degree of the License on behalf of the Biblical Commission. The <i>Motu Proprio Quod maxime</i> (30/09/1928) of Pius XI granted to the PBI academic independence from the Pontifical Biblical Commission allowing it to confer the degree of Ph. D. The PBI, as established by the Pontiff Pius X, still has its own autonomy and is immediately dependent on the Holy See. The Chancellor of the Institute is the Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. The PBI is predominantly international and its students </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">currently </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">come from about sixty countries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">The
Roman Catholic Church in the United States, up until 1910 had been under the Papal
missionary jurisdiction of the Propaganda. Pius X raised the United States Roman Catholic Church
to an autonomous position and created two additional American cardinals (Farley
and O'Connell) to take their place beside Cardinal Gibbons. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">By the Pope's last important official act (May 25, 1914), 13 candidates received were ordained as cardinals. Pius' death, on August 20th, 1914, was probably hastened by anxiety over the outbreak of the European War. During his illnesses, and especially the last one, his sisters, plain peasant women, cared for him devotedly. </span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnoivsZBVgfp9y6vWp-a-0NYQFDtasdOX01btWxMEErUXaDtysDYF-uKBOvZaL2hyE4KeQKK6SuL6dMZlPEUueUsYzaAjB0wNOceHVqlOEzj0cF49IgDPPnUyq31Gnz65PAqx96xx9sEY/s1600/Piusxtomb2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnoivsZBVgfp9y6vWp-a-0NYQFDtasdOX01btWxMEErUXaDtysDYF-uKBOvZaL2hyE4KeQKK6SuL6dMZlPEUueUsYzaAjB0wNOceHVqlOEzj0cF49IgDPPnUyq31Gnz65PAqx96xx9sEY/s640/Piusxtomb2.jpg" title="The tomb of Pope Pius X - http://www.popepiusx.com" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Saint Pope Pius X Tomb</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Forty years after his death, on May 29th 1954, less than three years after his February 17th, 1952 beatification, Pius X was canonized. The four miracles that led to his sainthood were:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">1. Sister Marie-Françoise Deperras, a nun who had bone cancer and was cured on 7 December 1928 during a novena in which a relic of Pius X was placed on her chest.<br />2. Sister Benedetta De Maria, who had cancer, and in a novena started in 1938, she eventually touched a relic statue of Pius X and was cured.<br />3. Francesco Belsami, an attorney from Naples who had a fatal pulmonary abscess, who was cured upon placing a picture of the Blessed Pope Pius X upon his chest.<br />4. Sister Maria Ludovica Scorcia, a nun who was afflicted with a serious neurotropic virus, and who, upon several novenas, was entirely cured. </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Pope Pius XII conducted the canonization Mass at Saint Peter's Basilica before a crowd of about 800,000 Pius X became the first pope to be canonized since Pius V was canonized in 1712.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;"><br /></span></span>
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px;">Consult: A. M. J. J. Waal, Life of Pope Pius X, translated from the second German edition by J. W. Berg (Milwaukee, 1904); Angelo Marchesan, Pap.it Pius X in Leben unci Wort (Einsiedeln, 1906); The Programme of Modernism: Reply to Encyclical of Pius X (New York, 1908); also Life of Pope Pius X, published anonymously (ib., 1904), and Acta Pii PP. X and Acta Apostolicce Sedis (Vatican Press).</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></i>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL3n2BNaXleSZ9E8Al7gefSe4DuBV1il39czxzpJ78vIhDGjZ1_ORJxC0w9gWUFJsKnl5GIgtfvi5cCxmMIpDTiaVoA4dx5imLoM3wjJgAEJ0Ax6Y_HPp9oKCG769mhL31OoLoElkwdgA/s1600/AFUR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #2e2e8a; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL3n2BNaXleSZ9E8Al7gefSe4DuBV1il39czxzpJ78vIhDGjZ1_ORJxC0w9gWUFJsKnl5GIgtfvi5cCxmMIpDTiaVoA4dx5imLoM3wjJgAEJ0Ax6Y_HPp9oKCG769mhL31OoLoElkwdgA/s640/AFUR.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" title="America's Four Republics: The More of Less United States By: Stanley Yavneh Klos - http://historic.us/" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><i><b><a href="http://www.americasfourrepublics.com/" style="color: #6c91ce; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;">America's Four Republics: The More or Less United States</span></a></b></i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">By: Stanley Yavneh Klos<br />Edited By: Naomi Yavneh Klos, Ph.D.</span></b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000; line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">First United American Republic:</span></b><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"> </span><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">United Colonies of North America: 13 British Colonies United in Congress </span></i><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;">was founded by 12 colonies on September 5th, 1774 (Georgia joined in 1775) and governed through a <i><a href="http://www.uscontinentalcongress.com/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">British Colonial Continental Congress</a>.</i> <a href="http://www.peytonrandolph.com/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">Peyton Randolph</a> and <a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">George Washington </a>served, respectively, as the Republic's first President and Commander-in-Chief;</span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000; line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">Second United American Republic:</span></b><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"> </span><i>The U</i></span><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">nited States of America: 13 Independent States United in Congress</span></i><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"> was founded by 12 states on July 2nd, 1776 (New York abstained until July 8th), and governed through the <a href="http://www.uscontinentalcongress.com/p/us-continental-congress.html" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;"><i>United States</i> </a><i><a href="http://www.uscontinentalcongress.com/p/us-continental-congress.html" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">Continental Congress</a>. </i><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">John Hancock</a> and <a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">George Washington</a> served, respectively, as the Republic's first President and Commander-in-Chief; </span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000; line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">Third United American Republic: </span></b><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">The<b> </b></span></i><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">United States of America: A Perpetual Union</span></i><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"> was founded by 13 States on March 1st, 1781, with the enactment of the first U.S. Constitution, the <i><i><a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">Articles of Confederation</a>,</i> </i>and governed through the <a href="http://www.uscontinentalcongress.com/p/usca.html" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;"><i>United States</i> </a><i><a href="http://www.uscontinentalcongress.com/p/usca.html" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">in Congress Assembled</a>. </i></span><a href="http://www.samuelhuntington.org/" style="color: #2e2e8a; text-decoration: none;">Samuel Huntington</a><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">and</span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"> </span><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/" style="color: #2e2e8a; line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-decoration: none;">George Washington</a><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">served, respectively, as the Republic's first President and Commander-in-Chief;</span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000; line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">Fourth United American Republic:</span></b><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"> </span><i>The </i></span><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">United States of America: We the People</span></i><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px; text-indent: 0in;"> was formed by 11 states on March 4th, 1789 (North Carolina and Rhode Island joined in November 1789 and May 1790, respectively), with </span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">the</span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"> enactment of the U.S. <i>Constitution of 1787. </i>The fourth and current United States Republic </span><span style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;">governs through the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate in Congress Assembled, the U.S. President and Commander-in-Chief, and the U.S. Supreme Court. </span><i style="line-height: 17.77777862548828px;"><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/" style="color: #2e2e8a; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">George Washington</a><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span><span style="font-style: normal;">served as the Republic's first President and Commander-in-Chief.</span></i></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Book a primary source exhibit and a professional speaker for your next event by contacting Historic.us today. Our Clients include many Fortune 500 companies, associations, non-profits, colleges, universities, national conventions, pr and advertising agencies. As the leading exhibitor of primary sources, many of our clients have benefited from our historic displays that are designed to entertain and educate your target audience. <a href="mailto:Stan@Historic.us">Contact us</a> to learn how you can join our "roster" of satisfied clientele today!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 20.790000915527344px;"><b>Historic.us</b></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 22pt;">Primary Source Exhibits</span></b></div>
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<b>2000 Louisiana Avenue | Venue 15696</b></div>
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<b>New Orleans, Louisiana, 70115</b></div>
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<b style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></b><b style="font-size: x-large;">202-239-1774 | Office</b></div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Dr. Naomi and Stanley Yavneh Klos, </i></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Principals</i></span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Naomi@Historic.us</b></span></div>
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<b style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: normal; text-align: start;"><i>Primary Source exhibits are available for display in your community. The costs range from $1,000 to $35,000 depending on length of time on loan and the rarity of artifacts chosen. </i></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Website: <a href="http://www.historic.us/" style="color: #4d469c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.Historic.us</a></b></span></div>
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